Thứ Tư, 30 tháng 12, 2015

300 words academic- part 5

201- playful (adjective)
 - Frolicsome
Her peaceful, playful and patient nature has made her one of YouTube's most popular yoga stars.
play·ful
ˈplāfəl/
adjective
  1. fond of games and amusement; lighthearted.
    "a playful tomboy who loves to dress up"
    synonyms:friskyjollylively, full of fun, frolicsomesportive, high-spirited,exuberantperkyMore
    • intended for one's own or others' amusement rather than seriously.
      "he gave me a playful punch on the arm"
    • giving or expressing pleasure and amusement.
      "the ballet accents the playful use of movement"

202- plethora (noun) 
- An abundance, excess
The rise of B2B platforms offering quick easy access to a plethora of manufacturers is causing some retailers and brands to reevaluate established sourcing channels.
pleth·o·ra
ˈpleTHərə/
noun
  1. 1.
    a large or excessive amount of (something).
    "a plethora of committees and subcommittees"
    synonyms:excess, overabundance, superabundance, surplusglutsuperfluity,surfeitprofusionMore
  2. 2.
    MEDICINE
    an excess of a bodily fluid, particularly blood.

203- plunge (verb) 
- Move quickly, suddenly and with force
How could she possibly have dreamed about something like that as a girl, about something that just didn't happen? Instead, it was a former NFL player who convinced her that she should take the plunge
plunge

plənj/
verb
  1. 1.
    jump or dive quickly and energetically.
    "our daughters whooped as they plunged into the sea"
    synonyms:divejump, throw oneself, launch oneself
    "Joy plunged into the sea"
  2. 2.
    push or thrust quickly.
    "he plunged his hands into his pockets"
    synonyms:thrustjabstabsinkstickramdrivepushshoveforce
    "he plunged the dagger into her back"
noun
  1. 1.
    an act of jumping or diving into water.
    "we went straight from the sauna to take a cold plunge"
    synonyms:divejumpnosedivefallpitchdropplummetdescent
    "a plunge into the deep end"


204- posture (noun) 
- To assume an artificial or pretended attitude; Attitudinize
Given Gingrich's long-standing reputation as an ideological flamethrower, his kinder-gentler immigration
posture softens his image somewhat.

205- poverty (noun)
 - State of being poor
Although he pleaded poverty and was forced to cadge, in reality he lived beyond his means, "never budgeting and never saving," at least according to the authors.

206- preach (verb) 
- To deliver a sermon
We preach that we are the same team – we don't have a No. 1 or a No. 2 driver.
preach
prēCH/
verb
  1. deliver a sermon or religious address to an assembled group of people, typically in church.
    "he preached to a large congregation"
    synonyms:give/deliver a sermon, sermonizeaddressspeak More
    • publicly proclaim or teach (a religious message or belief).
      "a church that preaches the good news"
      synonyms:proclaimteachspreadpropagateexpound
      "he preached the gospel to them"
    • earnestly advocate (a belief or course of action).
      "my parents have always preached toleration and moderation"
      synonyms:advocaterecommendadviseurgeteachcounsel
      "they preach toleration"

207- precinct (noun)
- Area enclosed by definite boundaries, especially the walls of a cathedral, church or college
Newly into 2014, she was in the midst of a dispute with her husband when officers showed up at her front door, placed her in handcuffs and escorted her to a nearby precinct.
precinct is a space enclosed by the walls or other boundaries of a particular place or building, or by an arbitrary and imaginary line drawn around it. The term is often used to refer to a division of a police department in a large city (either to the neighborhood patrolled or to the police station itself).

208- predicament (noun)
 - Quandary, jam, mess, pickle
We ended up in a similar predicament where everyone else in our family had Thanksgiving plans and the four of us were on our own.
pre·dic·a·ment
prəˈdikəmənt/
noun
  1. 1.
    a difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation.
    "the club's financial predicament"
    synonyms:difficult situation, messdifficultyplightquandarymuddlemare's nestMore
  2. 2.
    PHILOSOPHYarchaic
    (in Aristotelian logic) each of the ten “categories,” often listed as: substance or being, quantity, quality, relation, place, time, posture, having or possession, action, and passion.

209- prefer (verb) 
- To hold in higher estimation
Tell the waiter whether you prefer steak, fish, chicken or vegetables and leave the rest to the chef,

210- preference (noun) 
- An object of favor or choice
Investment Minister Ashraf Salman on Monday voiced a preference for a weaker exchange rate to preserve falling reserves.

211- preliminary (adjective)
 - Coming before and usually forming a necessary prelude to something else The Time Warner talks, Mr. Drahi said at a news conference in May, were only the most preliminary of discussions.
pre·lim·i·nar·y
prəˈliməˌnerē/
adjective
  1. 1.
    denoting an action or event preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important.
    "preliminary talks"
noun
  1. 1.
    an action or event preceding or preparing for something fuller or more important.
    "the bombardment was resumed as a preliminary to an infantry attack"
    synonyms:preludepreparation, preparatory measure, preliminary action
    "a preliminary to the resumption of war"

212- prevail (verb) 
- To gain ascendancy through strength or superiority; Triumph
The entire Maryland game plan led to that series, and in that moment, good rushing teams prevail.
pre·vail
prəˈvāl/
verb
  1. prove more powerful than opposing forces; be victorious.
    "it is hard for logic to prevail over emotion"
    synonyms:win, win out/through, triumph, be victorious, carry the day, come out on top, succeed, prove superior, conquerovercomeMore
    • be widespread in a particular area at a particular time; be current.
      "an atmosphere of crisis prevails"
      synonyms:exist, be in existence, be present, be the case, occur, be prevalent, be current, be the order of the day, be customary, be common, be widespread, be in force/effect; More
    • persuade (someone) to do something.
      "she was prevailed upon to give an account of her work"
      synonyms:persuadeinducecoaxconvincegeturgepressurecoerceMore


213- primary (adjective)
 - Earliest in time or order of development
But the primary feature seemed to be the interaction between residents of the retirement community and their children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren making the fair a multi-generational family celebration. 

214- principal (adjective)
 - Most important, consequential, or influential; Chief
Back on June 2, principal owner John Henry made a comment that the Red Sox should have more doubles based on their internal projections.

215- probation (noun)
 - A trial period during which your character and abilities are tested to see whether you are suitable for work or for membership
Four state troopers, three parole and probation officers, and a part-time parole manager were assigned to
Hartford, the governor's office said on Tuesday.
pro·ba·tion
prōˈbāSH(ə)n/
noun
LAW
  1. the release of an offender from detention, subject to a period of good behavior under supervision.
    "I went to court and was put on probation"
    • the process or period of testing or observing the character or abilities of a person in a certain role, for example, a new employee.
      "for an initial period of probation, your manager will closely monitor your progress"
      synonyms:trial period, test period, experimental period, trial
      "during your probation it is imperative that you miss no scheduled meetings"

216- probe (noun) 
- To make a searching exploratory investigation
Another avenue would be to probe what exactly counts as a delegation into an area "interlinked with" a delegate's powers.
probe
prōb/
noun
  1. 1.
    a blunt-ended surgical instrument used for exploring a wound or part of the body.
verb
  1. 1.
    physically explore or examine (something) with the hands or an instrument.
    "researchers probing the digestive glands of mollusks"
    synonyms:examinefeel, feel around, exploreprodpokecheck
    "alien hands probed his body"

217- promote (verb)
 - To contribute to the growth or prosperity of; Further
In a statement, the company said it "will not promote to pediatricians or other physicians the new pediatric safety and dosing information for OxyContin.

218- prone (adjective)
 - Prostrate; Inclined to
When I started my career in aerospace engineering, I -like many other women -worked with men who were
prone to locker room talk and inappropriate jokes.

219- proponent (noun) 
- Person who supports a cause, theory
For much of the last year, Robles has been the most visible proponent of the plan to move the Chargers and
Raiders to Carson.
pro·po·nent
prəˈpōnənt/
noun
  1. a person who advocates a theory, proposal, or project.
    "a collection of essays by both critics and proponents of graphology"
    synonyms:advocatechampionsupporterbackerpromoterprotagonist,campaignerboostercheerleader
    "a proponent of the youth basketball program"

220- prosperous (adjective)


 - Enjoying vigorous and healthy growth; Flourishing
Previous generations of immigrants have found their place in society, Germany has become more prosperous
and racism is no longer "socially acceptable" in the way it was back then, he said.
pros·per·ous
ˈpräsp(ə)rəs/
adjective
  1. successful in material terms; flourishing financially.
    "prosperous middle-class professionals"
221- provincial (adjective) 
- Limited in outlook; Narrow
Shortly after the tragedy, Yang Dacai, chief of the Shanxi provincial work safety administration, was caught

222- provision (noun)

- The act of supplying or fitting out
"This provision in the surface transportation bill will address the concerns summarized in Chairman Elliott's correspondence," he added.
pro·vi·sion
prəˈviZHən/
noun
  1. 1.
    the action of providing or supplying something for use.
    "new contracts for the provision of services"
    synonyms:supplying, supplyproviding, giving, presentationdonationMore
  2. 2.
    an amount or thing supplied or provided.
    "low levels of social provision"
    synonyms:facilities, services, amenities, resource(s), arrangements; More
verb
  1. 1.
    supply with food, drink, or equipment, especially for a journey.
    "civilian contractors were responsible for provisioning these armies"
  2. 2.
    set aside an amount in an organization's accounts for a known liability.
    "financial institutions have to provision against loan losses"

223- prowess (noun)
 - Extraordinary ability
In the same dismissive way that people mention your oratory prowess-implying it's innate, therefore not earned, not real -they mention Griffin's speed.
prow·ess
ˈprouəs/
noun
  1. 1.
    skill or expertise in a particular activity or field.
    "his prowess as a fisherman"
    synonyms:skillexpertisemasteryfacilityabilitycapabilitycapacitysavoir fairetalentgenius, adeptness, aptitudedexterity, deftness,competenceaccomplishmentproficiencyfinesse
    informalknow-how
    "his prowess as a winemaker"
  2. 2.
    bravery in battle.
    synonyms:couragebraverygallantryvalorheroism, intrepidity, nervepluck,pluckiness, feistiness, boldness, daringaudacity, fearlessness;
224- proxy (noun) 
- Person authorized to act on behalf of another
They include the German Cardinal Walter Kasper, who has suggested that he has become a proxy for clergy members who are not brave enough to criticize the pope directly.

225- radical (noun)
- One who holds extreme views or advocates extreme measures
It depicts an upscale Manhattan dinner party that goes awry when the conversation turns to radical Islam and religious differences between Islam and Judaism -hot button topics for the host, a lapsed Muslim.
rad·i·cal
ˈradək(ə)l/
adjective
  1. 1.
    (especially of change or action) relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough.
    "a radical overhaul of the existing regulatory framework"
  2. 2.
    advocating or based on thorough or complete political or social reform; representing or supporting an extreme section of a political party.
    "a radical American activist"
    synonyms:revolutionaryprogressivereformist, revisionist, progressivist; More
noun
  1. 1.
    a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform; a member of a political party or part of a party pursuing such aims.
    synonyms:revolutionaryprogressive, reformer, revisionist; More
  2. 2.
    CHEMISTRY
    a group of atoms behaving as a unit in a number of compounds.

226- readily (adverb)
 - Without objection or reluctance
Huge amounts of information about them are readily available to consumers, so it is very unlikely that any of them could deceive potential students about the benefits of the degrees they offer.
read·i·ly
ˈredəlē/
adverb
  1. without hesitation or reluctance; willingly.
    "he readily admits that the new car surpasses its predecessors"
    synonyms:willingly, without hesitation, unhesitatingly, ungrudgingly, gladlyhappily,eagerly, promptly
    "Durkin readily offered to drive him"
    • without delay or difficulty; easily.
      "illegal fireworks are readily available"
      synonyms:easily, with ease, without difficulty
      "the island is readily accessible"

227- rebate (noun) 
- Amount by which a d
ebt, tax, etc can be reduced; Discount or partial refund
"The more people that sign up, the more rebate is available to each and every person who signs up with the program," Bailis said.

228- reckless (adjective)

 - Marked by lack of proper caution; Careless of consequences
"We are seeing far too many of our repeat violent offenders out here being reckless with firearms over and over again," Lanier said.

229- recourse (noun)
 - Something turned to for help
The people affected are poor to begin with; when things turned bad, they had no recourse.
re·course
ˈrēˌkôrs,rēˈkôrs/
noun
  1. a source of help in a difficult situation.
    "surgery may be the only recourse"
    synonyms:optionpossibilityalternativeresort, way out, hoperemedychoice,expedient
    "surgery may be the only recourse"
    • the use of someone or something as a source of help in a difficult situation.
      "a means of solving disputes without recourse to courts of law"
      synonyms:resort to, make use of, avail oneself of, turn to, call on, look to, fall back on
      "we had recourse to the national committee for additional funding"
    • the legal right to demand compensation or payment.
      "the bank has recourse against the exporter for losses incurred"

230- refrain (noun)
- Abstain from the impulse to do something
The guide urges travelers to refrain from interfering with maikos going about their business, or coercing them into posing for photos.


re·frain1

rəˈfrān/
verb
  1. stop oneself from doing something.
    "she refrained from comment"
    synonyms:abstain from, desist from, hold back from, stop oneself from, forbear (from), avoideschewshunrenounceMore


231- refuge (noun) 
- Safe haven, sanctuary
Cattleman Bob Grabher leases summer pastures from the refuge for 500 of his cows and calves, and today is a moving day.
ref·uge
ˈrefˌyo͞oj,ˈrefˌyo͞oZH/
noun
  1. a condition of being safe or sheltered from pursuit, danger, or trouble.
    "he was forced to take refuge in the French embassy"
    • something providing shelter.
      plural noun: refuges
      "the family came to be seen as a refuge from a harsh world"
      synonyms:shelterprotectionsafetysecurityasylumsanctuaryMore
    • an institution providing safe accommodations for women who have suffered violence from a spouse or partner.

232- relentless (adjective)
 - Showing or promising no abatement of severity, intensity, strength, or pace
This is the part of the year when summer most often digs in for that last stretch before autumn and casts an awful spell of relentless heat and oppressive humidity, while granting us no respite, no breeze and no rain."
re·lent·less

rəˈlen(t)ləs/
adjective
  1. oppressively constant; incessant.
    "the relentless heat of the desert"

233- reliance (noun) 
- Dependence
Ladder's credit strengths include growing core earnings through periods of market volatility, recently reduced reliance on gain on sale income -- though this has yet to be sustained over an extended period -- and adequate liquidity.

234- reliant (adjective)
 - Having confidence
Tesla's financial forecasts aren't reliant on Chinese sales growth, said Ricardo Reyes, the company's spokesman.

235- reminiscent (adjective)
- Tending to recall or suggest something in the past
It was reminiscent of Ken Holtzman's no-hitter for the Cubs in the summer of 1969, when anything seemed possible.
rem·i·nis·cent
ˌreməˈnis(ə)nt/
adjective
  1. tending to remind one of something.
    "the sights were reminiscent of my childhood"
    • suggesting something by resemblance.
      "her suit was vaguely reminiscent of military dress"
      synonyms:similar to, comparable with, evocative of, suggestive of, redolent of
      "the smell of fresh apple pies was reminiscent of the aromas from Gramma's kitchen in Middlefield"
    • (of a person or their manner) absorbed in or suggesting absorption in memories.
      "her expression was wistful and reminiscent"

236- replicate (verb)
- Be or make a copy of; Reproduce
Michael Kang, a professor at Emory University in Atlanta who has written about election laws, called the pledge
"an attempt to replicate the effect" of so-called sore-loser laws.
rep·li·cate
verb
ˈrepləˌkāt/
  1. 1.
    make an exact copy of; reproduce.
    "it might be impractical to replicate eastern culture in the west"
    synonyms:copyreproduceduplicaterecreaterepeat, perform again; 
    "the technology would be hard to replicate"
adjective
ˈreplikət/
  1. 1.
    of the nature of a copy.
    "a replicate Earth"
noun
ˈreplikət/
  1. 1.
    a close or exact copy; a replica.

237- reserved (adjective)
 - Restrained in words and actions
Yankee reserved one spot on the list for its own founder, Robb Sagendorph, who published the first issue in
September 1935.

238- resignation (noun)
 - Unresisting acceptance of something as inescapable; submission "For all I know, the placards could be out, asking for the resignation of the next president."
res·ig·na·tion

ˌrezəɡˈnāSH(ə)n/
noun
  1. 1.
    an act of retiring or giving up a position.
    "he announced his resignation"
    synonyms:departure, leaving, standing down, stepping down; 
    informalquitting
    "his resignation from his post"
  2. 2.
    the acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable.
    "a shrug of resignation"
    synonyms:patienceforbearancestoicismfortitudefatalismacceptance,acquiescencecompliance, passivity
    "he accepted his fate with resignation"

239- restore (verb) 
- To put or bring back into existence or use
"This study highlights how much more effort is needed if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide."

240- retiring (adjective) 
- Avoiding society; Shy
In the 2015 funds, aimed at workers who will be retiring very soon, average equity exposure is just 42 percent.
re·tir·ing
rəˈtī(ə)riNG/
adjective
  1. shy and fond of being on one's own.
    "a retiring, acquiescent woman"
241- retreat (noun)
 - The usually forced withdrawal of troops from an enemy or from an advanced position During a retreat at the Cambridge monastery, "all of a sudden I realized,'I know what I'm supposed to do. 
re·treat

rəˈtrēt/
verb
  1. 1.
    (of an army) withdraw from enemy forces as a result of their superior power or after a defeat.
    "the French retreated in disarray"
    synonyms:withdrawretire, draw back, pull back/out, fall back, give way, give ground, beat a retreat, beat a hasty retreat
    "the army retreated"
noun
  1. 1.
    an act of moving back or withdrawing.
    "a speedy retreat"
    synonyms:withdrawal, pulling back
    "the retreat of the army"
  2. 2.
    a signal for a military force to withdraw.
    "the bugle sounded a retreat"

242- retrieve (verb)
 - Recover; Find and bring in
Such mental blocks often involve the failure to retrieve a proper noun, the experts said.
re·trieve
rəˈtrēv/
verb
  1. 1.
    get or bring (something) back; regain possession of.
    "I was sent to retrieve the balls from his garden"
    synonyms:get back, bring back, recover, regain (possession of), recoupreclaim,repossessredeemrecuperate
    "I retrieved the ball from their garden"
noun
  1. 1.
    an act of retrieving something, especially game that has been shot.
  2. 2.
    archaic
    the possibility of recovery.
    "he ruined himself beyond retrieve"

243- rhetoric (noun)
- Using language impressively or persuasively, especially in public speaking
But what ultimately erased the inflated rhetoric and eased the entrenched stances of sides that spent more than two years fighting over the economic and competitive future of the league?
rhet·o·ric
ˈredərik/
noun
  1. the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.
    synonyms:oratoryeloquence, command of language, way with words
    "a form of rhetoric"
    • language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience, but often regarded as lacking in sincerity or meaningful content.
      "all we have from the opposition is empty rhetoric"
      synonyms:bombast, turgidity, grandiloquence, magniloquencepomposity,extravagant language, purple proseMore
244- rigorous (adjective) 
- Uncompromising
One way to defuse that minefield is to demand a more rigorous-a more ethical -system of shaming those who offend us.
rig·or·ous
ˈriɡ(ə)rəs/
adjective
  1. extremely thorough, exhaustive, or accurate.
    "the rigorous testing of consumer products"
245- ruthless (adjective)
- Pitiless
We caught up with Gibney by phone to discuss the film's prismatic portrait of a brilliant and cruel -at times even
ruthless-man, and our endless fascination with him.
ruth·less
ˈro͞oTHləs/
adjective
  1. having or showing no pity or compassion for others.
    "a ruthless manipulator"
246- sabotage (noun)
- Any undermining of a cause
Their supporters have muttered darkly, and not without reason, about infiltrators from other parties joining Labor to sabotage it by voting for Corbyn.

247- saga (noun)
 - Long story of heroic deeds, especially of icelandic or norwegian heroes
The ruling in what the judge dubbed the "Long War for Long Wharf" was the latest twist in a seven-year legal
saga.

248- sanctuary (noun)
- A place of refuge and protection
"Wildlife really doesn't have a place to find a sanctuary and not be harassed by dogs and people," she said.

249- sanitation (noun)

- Formulation and application of measures designed to protect public health
He has lined up a job as a sanitation worker or, as he puts it, "garbage man," and continues to work with the

250- sectarian (adjective)
- Of a sect or sects
Last month, Iraq's Shiite-led government announced a package of reforms following large rallies in Baghdad and other provinces protesting endemic corruption, sectarian politics and shabby basic services.
sec·tar·i·an
ˌsekˈterēən/
adjective
  1. 1.
    denoting or concerning a sect or sects.
    "ethnic and sectarian differences"
    synonyms:factionalseparatistpartisanparti prisMore
noun
  1. 1.
    a member of a sect.
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