Thứ Tư, 30 tháng 12, 2015

300 words academic- part 4

151- legislature (noun) 

- Body of people with the power to make and change laws
The city attorney believes the council has the power under its charter to change the highway's name again, but neighboring Arlington County does not have charter authority, so it would have to get approval from the legislature.
leg·is·la·ture
ˈlejəˌslāCHər/
noun
  1. the legislative body of a country or state.
    synonyms:legislative body, congress, legislative assembly, parliamentsenate,house of representatives, councildiet
    "the judiciary must remain independent of the legislature"

152- leverage (noun)
 - Positional advantage; Power to act effectively
Because the Helsinki Accord was such a prize to the Soviets, human rights activists had a great deal of
leverage when using it.

153- liberal (adjective) 

- Marked by generosity; Openhanded
Santa Fe may be a famously artsy, liberal community, Ms. Diaz said, but many businesses too readily take advantage of their immigrant employees.
Liberals believe in government action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all. It is the duty of the government to alleviate social ills and to protect civil liberties and individual and human rights. Believe the role of the government should be to guarantee that no one is in need.

154- magnificent (adjective) 
- Grand or noble in thought or deed; Exalted
Thanks to the magnificent actors Deborah Hay and Evan Buliung, this "Pericles" consistently earns its own hope.
mag·nif·i·cent
maɡˈnifəsənt/
adjective
  1. 1.
    impressively beautiful, elaborate, or extravagant; striking.
    "a dramatic landscape of magnificent mountains"
  2. 2.
    very good; excellent.
    "she paid tribute to their magnificent efforts"
    synonyms:masterlyskillfulvirtuosobrilliant
    "a magnificent performance"

155- mandate (noun) 
- An authoritative command
And looming over everything is Gov. Jerry Brown's mandate to form a groundwater sustainability agency by
2017 to regulate pumping.
man·date
ˈmanˌdāt/
noun
  1. 1.
    an official order or commission to do something.
    "a mandate to seek the release of political prisoners"
    synonyms:instructiondirectivedecreecommandorderinjunctionedict,chargecommissionbiddingrulingfiat;
    formalordinance
    "a mandate from the UN"
  2. 2.
    the authority to carry out a policy or course of action, regarded as given by the electorate to a candidate or party that is victorious in an election.
    "a sick leader living beyond his mandate"
    synonyms:authorityapprovalacceptance, ratification, endorsementsanction,authorization
    "they won a mandate to form the government"
verb
  1. 1.
    give (someone) authority to act in a certain way.
    "other colleges have mandated coed fraternities"
    synonyms:instructorderdirectcommandtellrequirecharge, call on
    "they were mandated to strike"
  2. 2.
    historical
    assign (territory) under a mandate of the League of Nations.
    "mandated territories"

156- mandatory (adjective) 
- Required or commanded by authority; obligatory

157- margin (noun) 
- Blank space round the written or printed matter on a page
The brand's revenue growth has been exceeding its retail space expansion, and the chain was Inditex's most profitable last year, with an operating margin of 24 percent compared to Zara's 19 percent.
"Europe's Richest Man Aims to Fill Gap With Massimo Dutti: Retail" | Bloomberg | Oct 11

158- mechanical (adjective) 

- Performed or performing in an impersonal or machinelike manner; Automatic When Mills finally went inside the carousel July 6, he took special care to examine the duel music roll system that propels this self-playing mechanical music system.

159- memoir (noun) 
- Written record of events, usually based on personal knowledge
Assassinated so early in his second term, he also didn't get a chance to write a memoir that might have interested historians.

160- memorable (adjective)
 - Noteworthy
For starters, he wasn't especially good at spinning memorable phrases and didn't write much down.
mem·o·ra·ble
ˈmem(ə)rəb(ə)l/
adjective
  1. worth remembering or easily remembered, especially because of being special or unusual.
    "this victory was one of the most memorable of his career"
    synonyms:unforgettableindeliblecatchyhauntingMore
161- mentor (noun) 
- A trusted counselor or guide; Tutor; Coach
Dillashaw's mentor and longtime coach would agree to fight him if the bantamweight champion felt like that was the best possible matchup for his career.

162- merger (noun)
 - Joining together
Transactions that increase the HHI by more than 200 points in highly concentrated markets are presumed likely to enhance market power under merger guidelines issued by antitrust authorities.
merg·er
ˈmərjər/
noun
  1. a combination of two things, especially companies, into one.
    "a merger between two supermarket chains"
    synonyms:amalgamationcombinationunionfusioncoalitionaffiliationunification,incorporation, consolidation, link-up, alliance
    "a pending merger between two oil companies"

163- miniature (noun) 

- Very small detailed painting, usually of a person
Kevin Gray also said there's a special place in his heart for miniature Coca-Cola bottles.
min·i·a·ture
ˈmin(ē)əCHər,ˈmin(ē)əˌCHo͝or/
adjective
  1. 1.
    (especially of a replica of something) of a much smaller size than normal; very small.
    "children dressed as miniature adults"
    synonyms:small-scaleminiMore
noun
  1. 1.
    a thing that is much smaller than normal, especially a small replica or model.
verb
rare
  1. 1.
    represent on a smaller scale; reduce to miniature dimensions.

164- minority (noun) 
- The smaller in number of two portions into which a number or a group is divided
It has also indicated that it would assist members of the minority Druze community in Syria, who live near the border with Israel, if their situation deteriorates.
mi·nor·i·ty
məˈnôrədē/
noun
  1. 1.
    the smaller number or part, especially a number that is less than half the whole number.
    "harsher measures for the minority of really serious offenders"
  2. 2.
    the state or period of being under the age of full legal responsibility.

165- misdemeanor (noun)
 - A crime less serious than a felony
The City Council's homelessness committee last week sought to "decriminalize" the new encampment laws by, among other things, striking misdemeanor penalties and fines for violations.
mis·de·mean·or
ˌmisdəˈmēnər/
noun
  1. a minor wrongdoing.
    "the player can expect a lengthy suspension for his latest misdemeanor"
    synonyms:wrongdoing, evil deed, crimefelonyMore
    • LAW
      a nonindictable offense, regarded in the US (and formerly in the UK) as less serious than a felony.

166- misfortune (noun) 
- Bad luck
To those who suffered misfortune, Dr. Dyer advised, "Understand that all spiritual advances that we make in our lives are preceded by a fall of one kind or another."
mis·for·tune
ˌmisˈfôrCH(ə)n/
noun
  1. bad luck.
    "the project was dogged by misfortune"
167- momentum (noun) 
- A property of a moving body that the body has by virtue of its mass and motion and that is equal to the product of the body's mass and velocity
As such, he feels a responsibility to take advantage of the momentum and keep moving in a dizzying number of directions.

168- morale (noun)
 - A state of mind with reference to confidence, courage, zeal, and the like
Still, Johnson said, just having Rawlings-Blake visit has been a morale boost for the community.

169- moratorium (noun) 

- A suspension of an ongoing or planned activity
Our excavations resulted in quartz crystals and a moratorium on digging after my father drove his riding lawn mower into a hole for the umpteenth time.
mor·a·to·ri·um
ˌmôrəˈtôrēəm/
noun
  1. a temporary prohibition of an activity.
    "an indefinite moratorium on the use of drift nets"
    synonyms:embargobanprohibitionsuspensionpostponementstaystoppage,haltfreezestandstillrespite
    "a moratorium on nuclear testing"
    • LAW
      a legal authorization to debtors to postpone payment.

170- movement (noun)
 - A distinct structural unit or division having its own key, rhythmic structure, and themes and forming part of an extended musical composition
But Chicago's school funding struggles will not be resolved any time soon, and to put a complete freeze on the charter movement, denying thousands of families an alternative to often mediocre or subpar neighborhood schools, would be unfair.

171- naive (adjective)
 - Deficient in worldly wisdom or informed judgment; Inexperienced
And it poses those questions to the two most naive 18-year-old white guys that you could imagine.
na·ive

nīˈēv/
adjective
  1. (of a person or action) showing a lack of experience, wisdom, or judgment.
    "the rather naive young man had been totally misled"
    • (of a person) natural and unaffected; innocent.
      "Andy had a sweet, naive look when he smiled"
    • of or denoting art produced in a straightforward style that deliberately rejects sophisticated artistic techniques and has a bold directness resembling a child's work, typically in bright colors with little or no perspective.

172- negotiate (verb)
 - To confer with another so as to arrive at the settlement of some matter
In September 2012, Rand and Carson agreed to a six-page deal that made him the city's "sole and exclusive agent" to negotiate with the NFL for two years.
ne·go·ti·ate
nəˈɡōSHēˌāt/
verb
  1. 1.
    try to reach an agreement or compromise by discussion with others.
    "his government's willingness to negotiate"
    synonyms:discuss terms, talkconsultparleyconferdebateMore
  2. 2.
    find a way over or through (an obstacle or difficult path).
    "there was a puddle to be negotiated"
    synonyms:get around, get past, get over, clearcrossMore
173- niche (noun) 
- A recessed space or hollow
Once a vital part of the grasslands eco-system, today America's 30,000 remaining wild bison live mostly within enclosures that keep them off private land while cattle herds fill the niche that bison once occupied.

174- nominee (noun) 

- One who is proposed by name as a candidate, especially for election

175-norm 
(noun)
Amodel
Now Wolf and Greenspan, two advocates of free markets, free trade and vigorous growth, treated this absence of investment as a deviation from an unstated norm -- as something to be repaired.
norm
nôrm/
noun
  1. 1.
    something that is usual, typical, or standard.
    "this system has been the norm in Germany for decades"
    synonyms:standardusual, the rule; More
  2. 2.
    MATHEMATICS
    the product of a complex number and its conjugate, equal to the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary components, or the positive square root of this sum.

176- notorious (adjective) 
- Widely and unfavorably known
Who's returning home? Rising sea levels threaten NASA's launch sites: How the agency is responding After 27 years behind bars, a notorious Detroit-area drug dealer could walk free later this month after being sentenced as a teenager.

177- nowhere (adverb)
- In no place or state
It's difficult to say how far the problems might go, but industry experts agree that mortgage lending is nowhere near as sloppy as it was during the last go-round, which created a bust that produced about 6 million foreclosures.

178- nuisance (noun) 
nui·sance
ˈn(y)o͞osəns/
noun
  1. a person, thing, or circumstance causing inconvenience or annoyance.
    "an unreasonable landlord could become a nuisance"
    • LAW
      an unlawful interference with the use and enjoyment of a person's land.
      noun: private nuisance; plural noun: private nuisances
    • LAW

180-obese(adj)

It may seem pretty shocking that the pharmaceutical arsenal has been so small, given that almost 35 percent of
American adults are obese and another 34 percent are overweight.

181- odor  (noun) 
- Smell; Favor; Reputation
On Tuesday, they said that Spike was beginning to emit a more putrid odor-a bad sign regarding nearly anything else in the world, but a good sign for this plant -and that visiting hours would be extended until Thursday.

182- offensive (adjective) 
- Upsetting or annoying; Insulting
The running game produced just 40 yards in 21 attempts, but offensive coordinator and line coach Joe Rudolph said it is still a work in progress due to Clement's injury.
of·fen·sive
adjective
  1. 1.
    causing someone to feel deeply hurt, upset, or angry.
    "the allegations made are deeply offensive to us"
    synonyms:insultinginsolentderogatorydisrespectfulhurtful, wounding,abusiveMore
  2. 2.
    actively aggressive; attacking.
    "offensive operations against the insurgents"
    synonyms:hostile, attacking, aggressive, invading, incursive, combative,belligerent, on the attack
    "an offensive air strike"
noun
əˈfensiv/
  1. 1.
    an attacking military campaign.
    "an impending military offensive against the guerrillas"
    synonyms:attackassaultonslaughtdriveinvasionpushthrustcharge,sortiesallyforayraidincursionoffenseblitzcampaign
    "a military offensive"

183- ordeal (noun) 
- Difficult or painful experience
"According to doctors, they would not have withstood this ordeal for very much longer," police official David
Furtner told the Austria Press Agency.

184- ought (verb)
 - To be under moral obligation to be or do
The governor acted responsibly in moving forward with the Phosphorous Management Tool, and he ought to make sure his efforts aren't undermined, as the EIP report warns.
ought1
ôt/
verb
  1. 1.
    used to indicate duty or correctness, typically when criticizing someone's actions.
    "they ought to respect the law"
  2. 2.
    used to indicate something that is probable.
    "five minutes ought to be enough time"

185- outlook (noun)
 - View on which one looks out
The stock market drop accompanying the weaker outlook is giving France's state shareholding agency pause after sales earlier in the year.

186- outrage (noun)
 - Great violence or cruelty
"It is an outrage that a citizen cannot enjoy his home without being made to suffer like this," he told a reporter.
out·rage
ˈoutˌrāj/
noun
  1. 1.
    an extremely strong reaction of anger, shock, or indignation.
    "her voice trembled with outrage"
    synonyms:indignationfuryangerragedisapprovalwrathresentment
    "widespread public outrage"
verb
  1. 1.
    arouse fierce anger, shock, or indignation in (someone).
    "he was outraged at this attempt to take his victory away from him"
    synonyms:enrageinfuriateincenseangerscandalizeoffend, give offense to,affrontshockhorrifydisgustappall
    "his remarks outraged his parishioners

187- outright (adverb) 
- Entirely
However, he said that if there was no outright winner, "Greece will be governed because nobody will take the responsibility of leaving the country ungoverned."

188- outset (noun) 
- Start
At the outset, it wasn't obstetricians trying to drive the midwives out, but family doctors.
out·set
ˈoutˌset/
noun
  1. the start or beginning of something.
    "a field of which he had known nothing at the outset and learned on the job"
    synonyms:start, starting point, beginningcommencementdawnbirthorigin,inceptionopeninglaunchinauguration;
    informalthe word go
    "at the outset, we had nothing but problems"

189- overhaul (verb) 
- Examine thoroughly to learn about the condition
But it doesn't change the fact the pitching staff needs a major overhaul for the team to contend in 2016.
o·ver·haul
verb
ˌōvərˈhôl/
  1. 1.
    take apart (a piece of machinery or equipment) in order to examine it and repair it if necessary.
    "a company that overhauls and repairs aircraft engines"
    synonyms:servicemaintainrepairmend, fix up, rebuildrenovaterecondition,refitrefurbishMore
  2. 2.
    BRITISH
    overtake (someone), especially in a sporting event.
    synonyms:servicemaintainrepairmend, fix up, rebuildrenovaterecondition,refitrefurbishMore
noun
ˈōvərˌhôl/
  1. 1.
    a thorough examination of machinery or a system, with repairs or changes made if necessary.
    "a major overhaul of environmental policies"

190- oversee (verb)
 - Inspect; Examine
Earlier this year, Southern Air named Paul Chase as its chief operating officer to oversee the cargo airline's business.
o·ver·see
ˌōvərˈsē/
verb
  1. supervise (a person or work), especially in an official capacity.
    "a trustee appointed to oversee Corrie's finances"
    synonyms:supervisesuperintend, be in charge/control of, be responsible for, look after, keep an eye on, inspectadministerorganizemanage,micromanagedirect, preside over
    "Fran was hired to oversee the library renovations"

191- overturn (verb) 
- Turn over or upside-down; Upset
"We don't want to overturn the government of Texas or the United States," Gillian said.
o·ver·turn
verb
ˌōvərˈtərn/
  1. 1.
    tip (something) over so that it is on its side or upside down.
    "the crowd proceeded to overturn cars and set them on fire"
  2. 2.
    abolish, invalidate, or reverse (a previous system, decision, situation, etc.).
    "the results overturned previous findings"
noun
rare
ˈōvərˌtərn/
  1. 1.
    an act of turning over or upsetting something; a revolution, subversion, or reversal.

192- passionate (adjective)
 - Capable of, affected by, or expressing intense feeling
As much as they were in love with each other, our correspondents seemed as passionate about New York.
pas·sion·ate
ˈpaSH(ə)nət/
adjective
  1. showing or caused by strong feelings or a strong belief.
    "passionate pleas for help"
193- perimeter (noun) 
- The boundary of a closed plane figure
Residents gathered on the perimeter of the park Sunday, speculating about how a child's remains may have
Perimeter is the distance around a two dimensional shape, or the measurement of the distance around something; the length of the boundary. A perimeter is a path that surrounds a two-dimensional shape. The word comes from the Greek peri (around) and meter (measure).

194- persecution (noun) 
- Harsh or malignant oppression
It's why so many of our founders came to America was to be free of a religious persecution.
per·se·cu·tion
ˌpərsəˈkyo͞oSH(ə)n/
noun
  1. hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of race or political or religious beliefs.
    "her family fled religious persecution"
    synonyms:oppression, victimization, maltreatment, ill-treatment, mistreatment,abuse, ill-usage, discriminationtyrannyMore
    • persistent annoyance or harassment.
      "his persecution at the hands of other students"

195- personnel (noun) 
- The people employed in an organization or for a service
per·son·nel
ˌpərsəˈnel/
noun
  1. people employed in an organization or engaged in an organized undertaking such as military service.
    "many of the personnel involved require training"
    synonyms:staff, employees, workforce, workers, labor forcehuman resources,manpower, wage labor;
    informalliveware
    "sales personnel"
196- perspective (noun) 
- An optical glass
He makes a lot of missteps, and he does a lot of things that might seem odd to other parents, but when you look at his perspective of where he's been in his life, the institutions he's been a part of, they seem quite natural. "Connelly gets 'The Drop' on readers in new novel" | CNN | Oct 11

Perspective (from Latin: perspicere to see through) in the graphic arts is an approximate representation, on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye.

197- persuade (verb)
 - To win the mind of by argument, eloquence, evidence, or reflection
Members have tried but so far failed to persuade the City Council to amend the 1992 camping ordinance.
per·suade
pərˈswād/
verb
  1. cause (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument.
    "it wasn't easy, but I persuaded him to do the right thing"
    synonyms:prevail on, coaxconvincegetinduce, win over, bring around, coerce,influenceswayinveigleenticetemptlurecajolewheedleMore
    • cause (someone) to believe something, especially after a sustained effort; convince.
      "they must often be persuaded of the potential severity of their drinking problems"
    • (of a situation or event) provide a sound reason for (someone) to do something.
      "the cost of the manor's restoration persuaded them to take in guests"
      synonyms:causeleadmovedisposeincline
      "a shortage of money persuaded them to abandon the scheme"

198- phenomenon (noun) 
- Any unusual occurrence
But there's also the fact that, the $22,314 line notwithstanding, poverty is often a relative phenomenon, with indicators less absolute than contextual.
phe·nom·e·non
fəˈnäməˌnän,fəˈnäməˌnən/
noun
  1. 1.
    a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question.
    "glaciers are unique and interesting natural phenomena"
    synonyms:occurrenceeventhappeningfactsituationcircumstance,experiencecaseincidentepisode
    "a rare phenomenon"
  2. 2.
    PHILOSOPHY
    the object of a person's perception; what the senses or the mind notice

199- philosophy (noun) 

- The general principles, laws, or causes that furnish the rational explanation of anything
The Maryland run game is a long way from scary, but the philosophy is intriguing.

200- plaque (noun) - 
Flat metal on a wall as a memorial
The plaque is owned by the Sons and Daughters of Confederate Veterans and is on private property, Jinks said, so the council has no control over it.
plaque
plak/
noun
  1. 1.
    an ornamental tablet, typically of metal, porcelain, or wood, that is fixed to a wall or other surface in commemoration of a person or event.
    synonyms:platetabletpanelsigncartouchebrass
    "a plaque in her honor was placed on the door to the auditorium"
  2. 2.
    a sticky deposit on teeth in which bacteria proliferate.
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